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Docker containers are a bit like virtual machines sometimes. Namely, you can connect to a container and run shell scripts there.

the command for it is:

docker exec -it container-name bash

-it - this is very important! this means interactive terminal: your terminal becomes the containers' terminal.

bash is your UNIX shell. most minimal images include .sh, some more equipped ones also have bash. The advantage of bash over sh is: command history, better scripting, tab completion